1 - The concept of OOP in Python
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a type of programming based on the creation of classes and objects via a method called instantiation. A class is a prototype (model) encoded into a programming language whose goal is to create objects with a set of methods and attributes that characterize any object in the class. The attributes are data types (class variables and instance variables) and methods, accessible via point concatenation. In object-oriented programming, the declaration of a class groups together methods and properties (attributes) that are common to a given object. Thus one could say that a class represents a category of objects. It also appears as a factory for creating objects with a set of common attributes and methods.Since its creation, Python is an object-oriented programming language. For this reason, creating and using classes and objects in Python is a fairly simple operation. This course will help you learn step-by-step how to use object-oriented programming in Python.
2 - Classes in Python
To create a class in Python, use the statement:class class_name
We then create a method to build the objects, called constructor via the instruction:
def __init __ (self):
Example. Person class
class Person:
def __init __ (self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
P = Person ("Albert", 27)
print ("The name of the person is:", P.name)
print ("The age of the person is:", age, "years")
# display after execution: The name of the person is: Albert
# The age of the person is: 27 years old
Example: rectangle class
class Rectangle:
def __init __ (self, L, l):
self.Longueur = L
self.width = l
monRectangle = Rectangle (7.5)
print ("The length of my rectangle is:", myRectangle.Length)
print ("The width of my rectangle is:", myRectangle.Width)
Display after execution:The length of my rectangle is: 7
The width of my rectangle is: 5
The class can also be improved by adding methods to perform different tasks.
3 - Class methods in Python
A class method is a function or procedure named within the class that defines properties or behaviors of instance objects.Example. adding method that calculates the surface of the rectangle
class Rectangle:
def __init __ (self, L, l):
self.Longueur = L
self.width = l
# method that calculates the surface
def surface (self):
return self.Length * self.Largeur
# creation of a rectangle of length 7 and width 5
monRectangle = Rectangle (7,5)
print ("The surface of my rectangle is:", myRectangle.surface ())
Display after execution:The surface of my rectangle is: 35
4 - Static methods
A static method is a class method that has the property of being executed without going through instantiation. A static method is declared by adding the annotation: @staticmethodExample. static method
class myClass:
def __init __ (self):
pass
# creation of a static method
@staticmethod
def myStaticMethod ():
print ("Here is an example of static method in Python")
myClass.myStaticMethod ()
Younes Derfoufi
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